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DIGITAL MEDIA FROM THE INSIDE OUT: My focus is digital content -- production, distribution, collaboration, innovation, creativity. Some posts have appeared across the web (HuffPo, Tribeca's Future of Film, The Wrap, MIPblog, etc.). To receive these posts regularly via email, sign up for my newsletter here.

Entries in movies (24)

Sunday
Dec302018

REVIEW: Netflix's "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch"

<This review contains spoilers>

As somebody who has been looking at the coming of interactive storytelling as the “next big thing” for more than 20 years, Netflix’s release of “Bandersnatch” interactive movie from Charlie Brooker’s ‘Black Mirror’ team was cause for cautious celebration. Here for once we would have a major global media/tech brand willing to commit its credibility, technical team, and an IP crown jewel to an interactive story outside the formal videogame format. For years I railed that Netflix, Hulu, Prime and the other OTT providers offered less inventive ancillary content than DVDs and even less experimentation than cable, that much-maligned dinosaur.

Alas, my enthusiasm wilted, when leaks indicated that Netflix’s story format would rely upon the “choose your own adventure” trope – basically a branched narrative. Many have tried and failed with this warhorse from our childhoods. When Bandersnatch’s first user choice was the protagonists’ breakfast cereal, I was positively morose. Here we go again, I thought. Nevertheless, I persisted, and I’m glad I did. Very quickly it was clear that choices were consequential to the plot, forcing choices between two unappealing options. Sometimes, it seemed, my choice wasn’t the “right” choice, and the app performed its own form of reboot—a bit like those “previously on,,,” montages that we’re used to seeing at the beginning of a new episode. Sometimes when this happened, I was presented with the same two options, sometimes the choices were different. I’ve read that the story had five different endings and very large number of plot permutations. I found my way to three of the five, each time learning something new about the way the system worked. Overall, I’d give this one three out of five stars.

The engineers were successful in building an assembly engine that delivers seamless scene integrations with very few exceptions. Ditto with story continuity – the flashbacks or whatever you call them, included visual and audio confirmation of my choices every time. The gameplay (the interaction with the story and the app) is enhanced greatly by the content of this actual story itself, which centers on a young game designer bedeviled by trauma and mental issues as he is building his dream game, the Bandersnatch of the title (HT to Lewis Carroll and later to Philip K. Dick) based on a novel whose author cracked up violently before it could be finished. Boom: Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny…. Along the way, our hero’s crack-up (or the reality of two parallel universes that can reboot) begins to embrace the actions of the Netflix user herself, which is mildly funny as presented.

Over the years I’ve quipped that interactive stories won’t become mainstream until they make me cry, a glib way of suggesting that the inherent problem with interactive stories is that they simply cannot achieve the dramatic compression, pacing, and narrative immersion of a traditional storyform, since the user is constantly pulled out of the story to do something. Did Bandersnatch overcome this problem? Not really, although the story segments that this app assembled did provide a lot of the same pleasure as other Black Mirror dystopian episodes, and an odd form of suspense was generated as different iterations of the story unfolded, a bit like ‘Groundhog Day.’ Like other Black Mirror entries, in Bandersnatch the characters can’t win, technology is in charge; choice is an illusion, and so forth. 

I was left with the conclusion that Black Mirror was a good choice for Netflix to test the backend authoring system given Brooker’s obsession with how tech and culture impact human consciousness. Whether Brooker & company use the platform with more success in the future will be interesting. Ditto as to whether other auteurs give the tech a shot in other story genres such as detectives, espionage, thrillers, action adventure, and even rom-com. (Note: Netflix previously released kids’ content using similar technology.)

Bottom line: Unlike many previous interactive story formats, the embedding of the technology into hundreds of millions of devices already signed up to a story delivery platform is wonderful. Though I had to work a bit to get the thing to work (it would not play via Dish Network; I had to update my Netflix iOS app on my iPad before I could view and play), overall, the results were worthwhile.  

Thursday
Aug092018

Hollywood & AI: What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger

“Hollywood and Silicon Valley are in the same business: producing algorithms,” writes AI pioneer Yves Bergquist, one of a new breed of data scientists focused upon the entertainment and media business.

These scientists believe that to survive and thrive, the media and entertainment industry needs to embrace cognitive science, if they hope to compete with tech companies and address its failing business models.

They use a cluster of technologies generally called artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning – such fields as big data analytics, deep machine learning, semantics and natural language processing, visual and auditory recognition, prediction and personalization, conversational agents among others.

They are creating software that can be taught to learn and program itself – to automate repetitive tasks and to provide insights that were never before possible.

Tech-assisted content development

One active area is content development. A studio-funded think tank, USC Entertainment Technology Center, where Bergquist leads an AI and neuroscience group is mapping box office returns against elements of the film narrative. Bergquist is working on data breakdowns of movies, as shown in this demo, the work of two Bergquist AI startups Corto and Novamente.

Greenlight Essentials, a member of IDEABOOST Network Connect, has broken down decades of film screenplays into 40,000+ unique plot elements and has analyzed over 200 million audience profiles to help filmmakers improve scripts, target audiences, and improve marketing.  The product’s Analytic Terminal allows users with neither programming nor mathematics background to explore and discover repeatable patterns from decades of film data.

Scriptonomics is an ML application that breaks down movie scripts by scene, character, location, and other components. Writers and producers can leverage insights and comparisons that the tool extracts from its massive database of past successful movies to improve subsequent drafts and to aid in pitches and audience targeting. Here is an example of Scriptonomics breakdown for Titanic.

Founder Tammuz Dubnov says that Scriptonomics generates a geometric model of a screenplay – its DNA if you will -- in order to compare and improve elements as compared with financially successful films of the past. Dubnov believes that this data-driven, quantitative filmmaking process will give rise to a new generation of data-assistant content studio that will help create more hits and fewer flops.

RivetAI offers Agile Producer, a pre-production platform that automates script breakdown, storyboard, shot lists, scheduling and budgeting. Before RivetAI Toronto native Debajyoti Ray built two earlier AI startups. Video AMP, an AI-powered video advertising solution helped him to understand how much commercials owe to storytelling. So he decided to build an AI engine based upon thousands of movie scripts, both produced and unproduced that became RivetAI. 

 

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Tuesday
Oct172017

AFI & the Digital World - Excerpt from new book, 'Becoming AFI'

This post is an excerpt from chapter 7 of the book "Becoming AFI: 50 Years of the American Film Institute" by Jean Picker Firstenberg and James Hindman (Santa Monica Press), which I authored. Jean Picker Firstenberg, who was President and CEO of the AFI from 1980 to 2007, will be featured October 26th at a Writers Bloc event in Beverly Hills, in conversation with former AFI trustee--and ex-Monkee, Michael Nesmith. More information on the event, including how to buy tickets, can be found here.

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THE VIRTUAL AFI

It’s difficult to recall a world before the Internet, even for those of us who were there when it started. Just as AFI was setting out on its own digital journey, the Internet emerged from its academic and technical cocoon to take flight as a new and all-pervading data net- work that would soon transform all aspects of culture and business. In its infancy, the Internet was simply a marvel—a miraculous new utility that fostered community and created much beauty, rather than the corporate battleground it would become.

My Internet life started with AppleLink, a private email ser- vice for companies doing business with Apple. Logging on with a squawky dial-up modem, I felt like a member of a secret society of digital somebodies at a time when just having an email address seemed cool. Soon, we built AFI’s first campus email network.

Some in Hollywood heard about the World Wide Web—the graphical component of the Internet—at an “Information Super- highway Summit” in January 1994, organized by Rich Frank, an AFI trustee from Disney, who also chaired the television academy. (Rich Frank’s role on the AFI board, serving almost continuously since 1991, has been extraordinary. His Frank Family Wines have been served at many Life Achievement Award dinners, and he con- tinues to chair the TV jury for the AFI AWARDS every year.) Ev- eryone was there: Hollywood moguls like Jeffrey Katzenberg, Barry Diller, and Rupert Murdoch, as well as FCC chairman Reed Hun- dt and Vice President Al Gore, who would subsequently overstate his role in the invention of the Internet.

AFI’s first glimpse of the World Wide Web came a few months later during a campus tribute at AFI to Wired, the magazine that gave voice to “digital lifestyle” before anyone even knew what that was. After entertaining the audience with the magazine’s ground- breaking graphics and McLuhanesque content, Wired founders Louis Rossetto and Jane Metcalfe blew everyone’s minds with a sneak preview of the web’s first commercial magazine, HotWired, which they were preparing to launch in a few months. Projected onto AFI’s movie screen using the Mosaic web browser, HotWired whipped us from one page to another—from words to images to video and back again—with a simple click of a mouse. This was something completely new, a revolutionary way of publishing, communicating, and connecting, and I knew that AFI had to be part of it.

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Saturday
Jan022016

2015: A Year for Fine Cinema

My year-end review continues with a look at some of the films I most enjoyed. I shy away from ranking these uniformly high-quality entries, but I would say that the first two, films with very different virtues, impacted me in the most lasting fashion. 

Spotlight

Was upon viewing, and may still be at the end of this great movie year, my favorite -- an old-fashioned kind of telling of an old-fashioned industry, newspapering, fueled by old-fashioned virtue, e.g., honor, honesty, truth. It's remarkable that a story centered upon almost unspeakable crimes -- the sexual abuse of thousands of young boys (and some girls too) by members of the Roman Catholic clergy -- is really a mystery story about finding the proof that will expose the monsters in the church hierarchy who knew about the crimes, covered them up, then lied about the cover-up. Virtually everyone in the story in Catholic Boston knows each other and is steeped in the culture that made such venality possible for so long -- the priests, the church administration, its influential supporters, the cops, the prosecutors, and indeed, the leadership of the Boston Globe. Except for two outsiders, an Armenian-American defense attorney and a Jewish editor who pushed the investigative unit, known as Spotlight, to dig, and then dig harder, at immense personal costs to the members of the team. Like the films of Frank Capra, Spotlight brings the story to a rousing finale -- you want to stand up and cheer, were it not for the horror that remains at the center of the story, to this day.

Son of Saul

Every moment of this remarkable movie is intense, a kind of fever dream suspense story about a father trying to honor the death of his son, only grafted on top of two other stories -- the day-to-life of kapo/guards in a death camp in Poland during the waning days of WWII when the Nazi's literally rolled up the trains and the kapos managed the industrial process of death. Along with all the elements of a spy thriller among the kapos who are planning an escape. The amazing experience is the first feature of Hungarian director László Nemes and a great Hungarian cinematographer (trained at the AFI) Mátyás Erdély, who tell the story through an amazing combination of intense close-ups of the face of the protagonist (played by Géza Röhrig) along with run-along-with steadicam of the horror that is everywhere, a kind of helter-skelter hurl of action and emotion that must be experienced to understand. Like nothing I've ever seen.

Carol

Haynes is now the master of the "woman's film," as often noted he virtually channels Douglas Sirk. But it's not the romantic or sentimental side of Sirk alone that we get with Haynes -- Carol is a tough version of the story of doomed love, in this case, between an older experienced married woman who has affairs with women outside her upscale marriage, and a younger naive shop girl who falls for her. Haynes and his DP use the iconic faces of these two beauties in extreme close-up, allowing us to seemingly enter into each woman's inner life. And, of course, we have the now patented Haynes "look," which in this case is literally and figuratively a million-bucks look from 50's New York City and environs, rivaling the look of The Godfather. The pricey suburban mansion where Carol lives with her angry husband and angelic child is American baronial. Her clothes are meticulous, restrained, and seductive. Mara is doing a bit of channeling of her own, namely Audrey Hepburn, whom she resembles here quite remarkably. Altogether a moving and exquisitely rendered slice of the untold history of ordinary people.

Tangerine

You'd never know this tight, fierce little street drama was shot entirely on an iPhone 5s, except when I think about the fluidity of the close-ups and tracking shots in places like cabs, donut shops, and bathrooms, well, it's a long way from break-out sets on the studio lot, that's for sure. As is the subject: a bitch-match between street trannies, johns and assorted street folks radiating out from the core pair, Cind-ee and Alexandra. The former has just gotten out of jail on Christmas Eve and splits a forlorn donut with Alexandra who promptly rats out Chester, the boyfriend/pimp, who seems to have been boning a real girl with a vag. And we're off to the races, a startling, very real-feeling journey into the sun-bleached sadness of the working life. We meet a married Armenian cab driver who has a thing for chicks with dicks, and soon enough, his entire family. We meet the blond 'beeatch', who gets dragged along, literally, for the ride. And Chester, who is especially believable as the white trash, tatted up pimp who rules the world from a dollar donut shop. Great pacing, impressive performances, and technically, I'm telling you, it's a milestone.

The Big Short

McKay moves from pop satire (Ron Burgundy) to trenchant social analysis with this adaptation of the Michael Lewis book about the housing meltdown, bank collapse, and Wall Street perfidy. With a focus on a colorful, but mostly unconnected group of financial industry outliers who came to understand that the housing bubble simply couldn't be sustained, and bet against the world economy is what is by far the biggest "short" bet in history. Christian Bale's Palo Alto fund manager, an Asperger-fueled, flipflop-wearing weirdo, is the first to figure it out, and others follow. Bales performance is revelatory, he continues to simply kill with every new challenge he takes. The rest of the cast, led by a sympathetic Steve Carrell, is also good, but for my money, this is Bale's Oscar nom to lose. I'm slightly unimpressed by McKay's attempt to explain complicated financial chicanery by breaking the third wall, a la Marshall McLuhan in Annie Hall, mainly because he does it often and with decreasing affect. But otherwise, this is a roaring good tale, well told.

45 Years

A master class in screen acting from two incomparable masters of the form. Director Haigh, whose earlier work (Weekend, Looking) dealt with the emotional terrain of gay men trying to find love, turns his considerable skills to a marriage in sudden free fall after the couple learns of the improbable survival (in Alpine glacier) of the wife's predecessor, who had probably been the husband's 'one true love.' While both Courtenay and Rampling are superb, her performance really got under my skin. There were moments when literally her eyes told the story. Or a tiny movement around the mouth, and hand gesture or a turn away. Here we have another form of explosion that cinema reveals best, far from the well-worn trails of CG spectacle, but intensely valuable for those of us still caring a bit about human beings.

Youth

I'm a near-fanatical Sorrentino fan, and now that his achievements are obvious, he's getting bigger budgets and bigger actors, working here with a spectacular cast. I was fond of Weitz and Dano, not so much a fan of the Fonda walk-on and the downer performance by Keitel. Cain is, as it seems he always is, close to perfect. Sorrentino is a visual master, and doesn't disappoint, with set-piece after breathtakingly beautiful set-piece setting up various scenes, a looser and lusher version of Wes Anderson's "look" without the manic humor. This is a story of aging, but named Youth, which is the kind of sardonic humor Sorrentino is more frequently known for. We get to know the characters at a Swiss health spa hotel as they navigate through little moments of revelation and breathless beauty. A masseuse with braces who likes to dance along with her Kinect; a sumo-sized sports star who kicks a tennis ball high into the air, turning to reveal a Karl Marx tattoo; a Buddhist monk who levitates into the Swiss Alps, and a recurring circular stage featuring one wacky act after another. With the barest of plots, this film gets lost in its own sumptuousness for a while, but comes back around with a finale so grande and musical that I never wanted it to end.

Straight Outta Compton

As many a middle-aged white reviewers have already written, I'm not a big fan of rap or hiphop, and yet, I loved this movie, one of the few musical group biopics that seemed real, though the press clips report otherwise. Like I said, not a fan here, and yet I was able to connect to the characters, their conflicts, and the times. While there are plenty of rough edges in the story as presented, surely many have been sanded smooth in the manner of "The Rose", which never officially purported to tell the story of Janis Joplin, but did anyway. What SOC does is tell the story of a generation of justifiably angry black men from South LA who found a way to fight back, and sparked a revolution in consciousness that is still relevant in the era of Black Lives Matter. They also, like many stars before them, got rich and got messed up as a result. A Star is Born all over again. Dig it.

 

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Thursday
Jan082015

2014 Movies Worth a Look, v.1.0

Amateur movie-lovers like me are at a distinct disadvantage compared to critics, festival programmers and others who have privileged access to cinema titles. But with the Golden Globes upon us and the Oscar nominations imminent, I won’t wait any longer to provide version 1.0 of my favorite 2014 films, even though I know there are some movies that remain to be seen. I’ll post an update in a month when I’ve gotten through the accumulated Netflix and Amazon queues, Film Independent screeners and screenings, and various late theatrical openings here in L.A.

In the meantime, here are those movies that moved me, two dozen in all, roughly in order of preference. Were I forced to pick a top ten, it would come from the first dozen, with many worthy titles in the second dozen.

If you’re interested in my reviews, follow me on Flixster.

First Tier

A Most Violent Year - Chandor's screenplay is perfect, and because of his remarkable skill with both actors and the physical delivery of cinema, this is for me an almost perfect film, a novelistic thriller of a movie that drops us right in the middle of the circumstances of these characters (and their time and place) and lets the back story fill in through the forward propulsion of the story. We learn something about the characters in virtually every scene and every exchange of dialog. For instance, the looming figure of the Chastain character's father, who never appears in the film, plays a larger and larger role as we learn, bit by bit, the precise nature of this marriage and the business that forms the center of the action we experience. Ditto with the complicated relationship between the players in the fuel oil business, the D.A,, the cops, and the mob. Chandor knows that he is playing in the fields so well plowed by The Godfather and its imitators, and his subtle, controlled and engrossing version of a crime drama, in a sense, trumps Coppola's earlier, groundbreaking work (something I never thought I would say). This is an unmitigated triumph of cinema storytelling.

Birdman - Audacious at every level, Iñárritu's breathtaking examination of the wages of fame and pride just blew me away. Start with the fact that here we have the story of a washed-up actor known for playing a superhero, played by, yes, a somewhat washed-up actor known (in part) for playing a superhero. And then, a ferocious depiction of an all-consuming obsession to be both famous and taken seriously, to the point where all relationships are destroyed. And then, a delirious experiment with a camera that swoops and flies in what would appear to be a single uninterrupted shot, which sounds like a gimmick, and certainly is, but still, it works. And then, well, world-class acting that is so raw and funny it makes you want to cry, scream and cringe at the same time. This is, quite simply, the best "movie" movie in a very long time, and I loved it.

Boyhood -If the production history of this one-of-a-kind film seems at first like a gimmick, any concern fades as the experience of this coming-of-age-in-a-dysfunctional-family tale takes hold and never lets go. We marvel at the performance of a child who, before our very eyes becomes a young man. Yes, we wonder how much of this is "acting" and how much of the story is "scripted". I for one also found myself surprised over and over again at the transitions between years, which were seamless and often undetectable. None of this would matter, of course, if the story weren't touching, and as the response indicates, universal. These feel like real people in my life, people I want to know forever. 

Nightcrawler - The set-up draws you in, the idea of an ambulance chaser who captures the horrific violence that we see on the TV screen every night, not the least of which because it is the audience's desire to see this stuff that creates so much value (and money) in the first place. We want to look away, but we cannot. And so we find ourselves sympathizing with a sociopath who has found his calling, a lucrative way to sidle up close and personal to blood and death and a golden opportunity to cross the moral line from observer to perpetrator. The performances vibrate with electrical energy. Gyllenhaal has never been better, hungrier, showier, fiercer.

The Theory of Everything - Redmayne jets into the upper echelons of acting with his depiction of Hawking before, during, and after the deterioration of virtually all bodily functions. Saddled with all of the problems that the biopic form presents, this film nevertheless manages to impart the essence of an amazing human being, and along with it a slight understanding of the science he helped create. Hawking is something of a secular saint, so it's nice to see a few of his imperfections, as well.

Grand Budapest Hotel - This movie brings to perfection all of the elements of Anderson's quirky style -- his meticulous creation of a slightly demented world, his vivid and geometric art direction, heightened and somewhat melodramatic directing style, contained and hilarious set-pieces, singular and eccentric characters, and a very intense focus upon the particular. His ensemble cast delivers scene after scene of delight and reimagined history of the fading of a Europe that may never have been. Anderson creates nostalgia as an end in itself.

Love is Strange - Sachs presents an affecting, modern story of a longtime gay couple whose economic circumstances lead to make-good living situations apart from each other. Complications ensue in a charming, truly beautifully unfolding way, with intense emotions driving great empathy in scene after patient and beautiful scene. Pay close attention to the editing.

Citizenfour - In this stunning exploration of the national security state, we are witness to a real-time unfolding of the Snowden story. With only a crew and her colleague Glenn Greenwald in a Hong Kong hotel room with Snowden, Poitras captures an intimate portrait of the man behind the revolutionary whistleblowing story as it happens -- on the TV screen, in phone calls, and in dialog over several days. Poitras is as committed to the rightness of Snowden's cause as he is, and look elsewhere if you are interested in a debate. But we are presented with much more than an agitprop document here: it is history in the making, and made history as a consequence.

Mommy - Wunderkind Dolan (25 years old & this is his fifth movie) builds wave after wave of intensity in this shattering character study of damaged families trying their best to fit into a society which just seems impossible to navigate. Anne Dorval is amazing as the fierce and wacky Mommy who improvises her parenting and providing skills as a recent widow without much going for her but looks and love. Pilon is amazing as the explosive adolescent Steve, a singular creation for such a young actor. Dolan's sense of pacing, framing, scoring and use of music, and his work with actors is pretty remarkable. This is a career to watch.

Selma - Powerfully told, beautifully acted, intensely rendered story of King's masterful orchestration of the struggle for black voting rights in America, as focused upon the civil rights movement in Selma, Alabama. DuVernay is a major new voice in the cinema, orchestrating an complex story, a huge cast, and some very important issues in a way which, like Lincoln before it, illuminates history through the actions of people, some important and many unheralded.

Under the Skin - Johansson kills it in this weird, creepy, commanding sci-fi thriller. Roaming about the countryside of Scotland picking up random men, she seems to be a disturbed and very horny gal until we witness the signature visual experience, which even now is hallucinatory and very disturbing. And so it goes as the audience begins to understand that our Scarlett is decidedly not what she seems. I loved this picture.

Force Majeure - A two-hour therapy session that goes deeper, and then deeper still into the heart of a Swedish family's issues, triggered by their experience of a "planned" avalanche that seemed to be real at the tony ski resort where they are vacationing. Taut, authentic, artfully framed and truly suspenseful, this is a thinking-person's thriller that needs no car chases, serial killers or other overused vestiges of commercial cinema. This is Greek tragedy.

Second Tier (barely)

Ida - Ida's story, the novitiate in search of her Jewish history in 60's Communist Poland, is presented in stark, pristine Black-and-white photography with distance, nobility, and a magisterial sense of pacing. It's almost as if we were watching an artifact from the heyday of Eastern European cinema, Knife in the Water, et. al. The form so perfectly matches the character and story, it nearly took my breath away. I particularly liked the scenes in the tacky, rural nightclub, jazz with a hammer and sickle.

Inherent Vice - Pynchon is obsessed with obsession, dope, paranoia, and the excesses of those who watch, govern and rob us. His characters ramble through shaggy-dog stories of hysterical buffoonery which, nevertheless, carry enough truth to leave you with a deep uneasy feeling about where we come from -- not quite hopeless, but chastened. And so it is with Inherent Vice, in which a crew of badly dressed Los Angeles wack-jobs stumble their way through a 1970's dope-hazed version of "The Big Sleep" or maybe the Altman version of "The Long Goodbye". All the tropes appear -- the brutal cop, the femme fatale, the persistent P.I., the corrupt business men. Strap on the seat belt, folks, and take this ride.

The Imitation Game - Biopics are a doomed form, at least the kind that present the entire sweep of a person's life, required as they are to pluck emblematic moments that together deliver the intended "meaning" to the complex mess that most of us produce as we make our way through life. And so, the worthy goal of memorializing one of the 20th Century's most important scientists focuses singularly upon Turing's role as leader of the effort to break the Nazi Enigma code and hasten the Allied victory. We get a light dusting of other significant aspects of this genius' life -- his theories are the foundation of modern programmable computing, and he was gay, which was illegal, and therefore led to arrest, chemical castration, and perhaps his own suicide. I for one would have liked the story to have included at least one scene of the life of a gay man (rather than the extended friendship dance with Keira Knightly) and some sense of his towering intellect in the nascent field of computer science. Alas, I expect too much.

Stranger by the Lake - Erotic thriller, now that's a niche genre, but leave it to the French. to perfect the form with this truly disturbing gay erotic thriller murder mystery whose form, a kind of uber-voyeur camera, makes the audience feel that they are somehow just as guilty as the perpetrator.

The Immigrant - Gray is a masterful storyteller who brings to life a tortured tale of poverty, immigration, vaudeville, flesh and murder in early 20th Century New York City, aided immeasurably by a wonderful trio of A-list actors. Lurking behind the particulars of Cotillard's journey are the roots of American show business -- a kind of recycling center for flesh and fantasy that illustrates why "polite" society found it so alluring and toxic.

Blue Ruin - Revenge is elevated in this affecting indie film to operatic levels as a drifter gets his shit together to track down the killers of his parents, and won't stop until he makes the world safe for his sister and her family. It is an exceptional journey, taken mostly in the rusty old car that gives the film its title, previously his principal domicile. I like the interplay between the protagonist and his gun-toting Heavy Metal high school buddy alot.

A Most Wanted Man - Spycraft rendered flawlessly in this, Hoffman's last role, this LeCarre focusing upon the struggle against the Islamic enemy in the city where 9/11 was hatched. The delicious ambiguity of who's on what side extends beyond the "enemy" to various factions of the "good guys" fighting terrorism in a world of ever-shifting sands.

The Internet’s Own Boy - This portrait of programmer and Internet freedom activist Aaron Swartz covers a wide swath of recent tech history, including the government's disproportionate prosecution of his misdeeds that led to his suicide and a painful reassessment by those of us who want to regard the Obama Administration as white knights. Coupled with their actions in the NSA and foreign wars, these politicians have delivered a significant betrayal to their legion of youthful (and other) supporters. Swartz was fascinating, brilliant, singular and somehow emblematic of a new generation of activists whose ownership of the means of electronic production has led to a new definition of freedom. 

Dear White People - Come along for this audacious roller-coaster of a satire about race relations among young collegiates in a "post-racial" society (not). The clever trick of this amazing first-time feature is how in skewering stereotypes, Simien manages to avoid falling into the trap of dehumanization. There is a lot of love and lovingkindness underneath the snark. 

Whiplash - We've moved the story form of a sports movie with all of its inherent problems into the world of competitive jazz drumming. Mean coach, brilliant but troubled player, screw-up at the big game, redemption made possible by raw talent, and a little twist at the end. I wasn't as enchanted as my peers with this formulaic and manipulative drama, but I concede that it was well made, kept me on the edge of my seat, and had some pretty amazing performances, certainly Simmons, who is bound to get showered with awards for this and a lifetime of great performances.

Mr. Turner - I fell in love with Turner's work on my first trip to the Tate, where much of this seminal 19th Century artist's work hangs, a bequest to the British people. Leigh wisely realizes that the power of the luminous paintings cannot really be rendered photographically, and so he provides a kind of stand-in beauty by presenting the scenes which inspired Turner, along with an improvisational riff on the scenes of his very unusual life. Here was a very famous guy who managed to do whatever the hell he wanted, blessed as he was with the certainty of his own vision, which was decades ahead of anyone else. His impressionistic renderings of sea and land in his later career predate the French movement that carry that name. And as with all Leigh films, the acting is quirky and the scenes quite alive with sponeneity. Spall snorts and grunts his way into history.

Locke - I found myself wondering how it could possibly be that I was gripped on the edge of my seat, eager to find out what would happen in a film that takes place entirely inside a BMW SUV driving on an English highway at night. Tom Hardy, that's why, with that voice, alternately rough and silken, a bit like Richard Burton's and his physical presence that grabs hold and won't let go. It's a very layered and sympathetic performance as he juggles phone calls between his business associates, wife, offspring, and one-night-stand whose pending pregnancy precipitates the crisis we get to witness. Platforming the great performance are wonderful camerawork and editing.

Yet-to-be-seen movies that may jumble this list include: Wild Tales, Only Lovers Left Alive, Leviathanh, Map to the Stars, and maybe Goodbye to Language I get to see it in 3D.